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New Study Suggests HFCS Linked To Diabetes

08/24/07 @ 04:50:03 am, by Kate Hopkins Email 2501 views • Categories: High Fructose Corn Syrup (HFCS)

Uh-Oh. This can't be good.

Science Daily — Researchers have found new evidence that soft drinks sweetened with high-fructose corn syrup (HFCS) may contribute to the development of diabetes, particularly in children. In a laboratory study of commonly consumed carbonated beverages, the scientists found that drinks containing the syrup had high levels of reactive compounds that have been shown by others to have the potential to trigger cell and tissue damage that could cause the disease, which is at epidemic levels.

(snip)

In the current study, Chi-Tang Ho, Ph.D., conducted chemical tests among 11 different carbonated soft drinks containing HFCS. He found 'astonishingly high' levels of reactive carbonyls in those beverages. These undesirable and highly-reactive compounds associated with "unbound" fructose and glucose molecules are believed to cause tissue damage, says Ho, a professor of food science at Rutgers University in New Brunswick, N.J. By contrast, reactive carbonyls are not present in table sugar, whose fructose and glucose components are "bound" and chemically stable, the researcher notes.

Ladies and Gentlemen, this is the first study that has determined that the differences between HFCS and cane sugar are not inconsequential. Adjust your perspectives accordingly.

I'm not going to say this is the smoking gun, as I've yet to find any transcripts of the symposium. But if the findings of Chi-Tang Ho are true, it's a fairly big deal.

And not to toot my own horn or anything, but way back in 2005, I noted the difference between the "bound" and "unbound" molecules.

But there is a difference between sugar and HFCS. Sugar is a naturally occurring substance. The glucose and fructose that make up sugar are comprised of bonded molecules. HFCS, a man-made product, is comprised unbonded molecules. Stating that HFCS is the same as sugar is the same as saying that cake batter is the same as cake.

Toot! Toot!

Of course I didn't know that this difference could lead to the upswing in diabetes, so I'm no Nostradamus. But back to HFCS...

The biggest issue surrounding HFCS over the past generation was not that it was bad for us. The problem was that there was little to no evidence to prove that it was bad (or good) for us. Apparently that has started to change.

So what's the total evidence against High Fructose Corn syrup so far? It doesn't affect the appetite any differently than cane sugar, but it does seem to increase the risk of diabetes.


Comments, Pingbacks:

Comment from: Lola [Visitor] Email
I really love your blog- check it almost every day- but when are you going to post the food and recipe articles? I hate to say that I'm getting tired of the scientific talk. I know it's important, but I'm sure the people who read your blog have a pretty decent grasp on what is good and what is bad. If not, I doubt they care.

It's interesting that you wish to steer Kate away from the scientific talk, Lola, and that you think Kate's readers can make up their own minds, especially since your IP shows a NET address from the Alexandria office of Burson Marstellar.

"Burson-Marsteller is a leading global public relations and public affairs firm whose knowledge, strategic insights and innovative programs help drive strong corporate and brand reputations for its clients."

Does one of those clients use a lot of HFCS in their products, perhaps?

-Tara
PermalinkPermalink 08/24/07 @ 05:15
Comment from: Journeywoman [Visitor] Email · http://journeywoman.typepad.com
When I had a high blood sugar that threatend to push me over the edge from prediabetic to diabetic I went to an endocrinologist.

She sat me down and told me to start treating HFCS as an allergy, and I have done so. I have found the improvement in my health to be nothing short of remarkable. I have more energy. I have lost weight. My eyes were opened as to how much stuff this drug is in.

I can only offer personal anecdotal evidence that HFCS makes me hungrier than cane sugar, but it is a huge difference. I'm not at all surprised at the link to diabetes.

Thanks for sounding the trumpet.
PermalinkPermalink 08/24/07 @ 05:15
Comment from: tut-tut [Visitor] Email · http://inside-the-shell.blogspot.com
I disagree with Lola. I come to your blog for your informative, well-written posts and links so that I can delve deeper. Keep a'goin'!
PermalinkPermalink 08/24/07 @ 05:31
Comment from: Kate Hopkins [Member] Email · http://www.accidentalhedonist.com
Lola,

A combination of work, illness, and the book have kept me from doing any new work in the kitchen and any relevant research. That should change next week.

Thanks for your kind words!
PermalinkPermalink 08/24/07 @ 05:33
Comment from: Annie [Visitor] Email
Do you know if there a difference between the fructose in agave nectar, honey, and fruit and the fructose in HFCS? I can't seem to find the answer to this question and it's driving me crazy. I understand that it's the sheer quantity of fructose in empty foods that we consume that's the problem, but if fructose itself causes problems, then the "natuaral" foods containing it will too.
PermalinkPermalink 08/24/07 @ 10:00
Comment from: Gary [Visitor] Email
Kate, I want to continue to read about the new scientific research you bring to light.
PermalinkPermalink 08/24/07 @ 10:43
Comment from: Rene [Visitor]
A press release from claims made at a conference is hardly evidence. When it's published (if it ever is), then the scientific community will be able to examine the research. Until then, no one in their right mind would take a news report from a press release as credible science.
PermalinkPermalink 08/24/07 @ 11:01
Comment from: Mithrandir [Visitor] Email · http://www.soundandfury.info/
The article has several shortcomings that bother me.

But first, some background:

Carbonyl: a chemical group consisting of a carbon-oxygen double bond. This structure is common to many organic molecules (including fructose, though not glucose or sucrose), as well as carbon dioxide.

Double bonded oxygen has a lot of incentive to bond to something else. That's what makes it reactive, and thus dangerous.

1. While digesting sucrose (table sugar, which is composed of one fructose and one glucose bound together), digestive enzymes split them into their component parts, thus creating a carbonyl group.

2. The study appears to lack a control, which is very sloppy. Dr. Ho tested 11 HFCS-based sodas, but no table-sugar based sodas. The article states that HFCS-based sodas contain high concentrations of carbonyls (of which carbon dioxide is one), and that table sugar does not. But there are numerous things in soda other than the sweetener (like the CO2) which may contain carbonyl groups.

3. The tea angle. The tea extract in question is an antioxidant. What happens when an antioxidant meets a double-bonded oxygen in a dark alley? Nothing much; antioxidants prevent oxidation reactions. Tea has a lot of this antioxidant, but it's certainly not the only antioxidant in nature. I think Dr. Ho just wants to sell tea supplements.

I think this only made news because of the HFCS angle. It's not very impressive research.
PermalinkPermalink 08/24/07 @ 11:04
Comment from: Jack [Visitor] Email · http://www.ForkandBottle.com
"So what's the total evidence against High Fructose Corn syrup so far? It doesn't affect the appetite any differently than cane sugar, ..."

I'm still not believing this - I think LONG TERM it does. How else can you explain 44oz Cokes vs 8oz Cokes? I know when I used to drink it, I kept drinking more and more over the years.
PermalinkPermalink 08/24/07 @ 16:37
Comment from: Former Seattle-ite [Visitor] Email · http://red
The most amazing thing about HFCS is how LITTLE research there is on something SO COMMON in the US food supply. Since, we will be waiting a LOOOOONG time for any kind of comprehensive, exhaustive, and definitive scientific research on HFCS and its effects --- please keep up the good work. I agree with Lola that your food recipes are great. I also enjoy the variety and scope of your postings. They engage on so many levels and encourage one to think. That's never a bad thing. I am not a scientist, so I'm always interested in new information. Big shout-out to Tara for the illumination on Lola. It explains such a response when both obesity and diabetes (type II) are considered "a national epidemic" in the United States. Let's not even start on the health care costs associated with the "epidemic". I'm sure that The Food Network and a million other food blogs have nonstop recipes every day 24/7. Ignorance can be a choice. If you do not wish to care, you're certainly free to do so. If you can keep people not caring, then they won't pay attention to exactly what you're doing. If the science stuff is so boring, perhaps Lola should catch up on what her health insurance covers for diabetic care or other diet-related illnesses. Maybe that will turn out to be a little less uninteresting.
PermalinkPermalink 08/26/07 @ 19:04
Comment from: Nancy [Visitor]
OK, OK with the list of foods containing HFCS. How about a list of those without, or at least companies using other natural sweeteners?
PermalinkPermalink 09/12/07 @ 09:06
Comment from: jcp [Visitor] Email
Semi related points - I just moved back to USA from overseas, and the taste of HFCS is what bothers me the most. Everything tastes better with real sugar and my whole family notices the difference. At first I couldn't understand why the USA could not make a decent lemonade or soda or anything, but when I started checking the labels I figured it out.

Second point - while away Tang switched to half artificial sweeteners. Doesn't anybody have taste buds anymore?? and doesn't anybody read labels? They are promoting as "1/2 the sugar of regular juice" without any mention of 1000 times the chemicals
PermalinkPermalink 09/28/07 @ 12:01
Comment from: ned00na [Visitor]
so, ive been about 2 months into my "no hfcs" diet, and it's been really hard for me because i absolutley L O V E sweets. but one thing i have discovered, which might sound weird, is baby food. this stuff is pretty much mainly pureed fruit and works great as a substitute for yogurt and desserts, because they also have dessert flavors now. (peach cobbler is my favorite). anyways, that's whats been helping my sweet tooth lately, i recommend it !!!!
PermalinkPermalink 10/16/07 @ 07:15
Comment from: Stephanie [Visitor] Email
Interesting. I'd heard HFCS was bad; I'd heard of people who had digestive issues caused by it; but I didn't know WHY it was supposed to be bad. The idea of "unbound" substances makes a lot of sense to me. I have a sensitivity to "unbound" glutamate in processed food: the bound glutamate in proteins is harmless, but the man-altered form causes me all sorts of problems. The most famous example of free glutamate is MSG, but most people don't know that it occurs in all sorts of processed proteins - soy protein, hydrolyzed veg proteins, autolyzed yeast extract, and of course "natural" flavors. This blog gave me some more food for thought..
PermalinkPermalink 11/05/07 @ 15:05
Comment from: Patrick [Visitor] Email
As Mithrandir has already pointed out, the study in question did NOT include a sucrose-sweetened control. Rather, according to the ACS presentation abstract, it compared the content of reactive carbonyl species (RCS)in 11 HFCS-sweetened soft drinks to the RCS content of a DIET soft drink. The omission of a sucrose control is, frankly, quite baffling.

Therefore, when Kate says that "this is the first study that has determined that the differences between HFCS and cane sugar are not inconsequential," she is simply mistaken. This study has said precisely nothing about the differences between HFCS and cane sugar, much less whether such differences are consequential.

The article states that "reactive carbonyls are not present in table sugar, whose fructose and glucose components are 'bound' and chemically stable". This is true, but astonishingly misleading. Sucrose sitting in a bag on a shelf is very stable, but sucrose mixed with phosphoric, carbonic and/or citric acids in a soda is readily hydrolyzed into its fructose and glucose monosaccharides. In the acidic chemical environment that is a soda, sucrose is NOT AT ALL chemically stable.

According to Marov and Dowling (1990), at typical storage times and temperatures, more than 90% of the sucrose in soft drinks can be hydrolyzed into fructose and glucose.

So if the risk comes from having unbound fructose and glucose in the soda forming RCS, then sucrose-sweetened sodas will be subject to precisely the same processes.

Marov, G.J., Dowling, J.F., 1990. Sugar in beverages. In: Pennington,
N.L., Baker, C.W. (Eds.), Sugar: A User’s Guide to Sucrose, vol. 13.
Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, pp. 189–211
PermalinkPermalink 11/10/07 @ 03:05

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